| Period Category | Name | Location | Start Date | End Date | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early Modern/Modern | Early modern/modern | Israel-Palestinian Authority/Lebanon | 1918 | 2024 | |
| Frankish/Ayyubid | Crusader-Frankish/Ayyubid/early Mamluk | Israel-Palestinian Authority | 1099 | 1291 | |
| Roman | Roman | Jordan | -63 | 324 | |
| Neolithic | Pottery Neolithic B | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -5000 | -4500 | |
| Roman | Roman | Cyprus | -30 | 330 | |
| Roman | Herodian | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -37 | 70 | |
| Roman | Middle Roman | Israel-Palestinian Authority | 132 | 250 | |
| Neolithic | Pottery Neolithic B | Jordan | -5000 | -4500 | |
| Chalcolithic | Middle Chalcolithic | Cyprus | -3400 | -2700 | |
| Hellenistic | Early Hellenistic | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -332 | -225 | |
| Roman | Roman | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -37 | 324 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age I | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -2000 | -1800 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Cypriot II A-B | Cyprus | -1450 | -1300 | |
| Neolithic | Predynastic | Egypt | -6000 | -3150 | |
| Chalcolithic | Early Chalcolithic | Cyprus | -4000 | -3400 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Dynastic | Egypt | -3150 | -2663 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Philia | Cyprus | -2400 | -2300 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Old Kingdom | Egypt | -2663 | -2181 | |
| Roman | Late Roman | Egypt | 250 | 330 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Second Intermediate Period | Egypt | -1782 | -1570 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Early Byzantine | Turkey | 324 | 900 | |
| Late Bronze Age | New Kingdom | Egypt | -1570 | -1070 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age | Syria | -2000 | -1500 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IIA | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -1000 | -900 | |
| Persian/Classical | Late Period | Egypt | -525 | -332 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Late Byzantine | Cyprus | 965 | 1191 | |
| Roman | Middle Roman | Egypt | 135 | 250 | |
| Frankish/Ayyubid | Frankish | Cyprus | 1191 | 1489 | |
| Frankish/Ayyubid | Venetian | Cyprus | 1489 | 1571 | |
| Early Bronze Age | 4th Dynasty | Egypt | -2558 | -2503 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age I | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -1500 | -1400 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Ottoman | Cyprus | 1571 | 1878 | |
| Iron Age | Cypro-Geometric I | Cyprus | -1050 | -950 | |
| Iron Age | Cypro-Geometric II | Cyprus | -950 | -900 | |
| Early Islamic/Early Medieval | Co-Regency | Cyprus | 647 | 965 | |
| Iron Age | Cypro-Archaic II | Cyprus | -600 | -480 | |
| Persian/Classical | Cypro-Classical I | Cyprus | -480 | -400 | |
| Persian/Classical | Cypro-Classical II | Cyprus | -400 | -310 | |
| Neolithic | Pottery Neolithic | Jordan | -6000 | -4500 | |
| Hellenistic | Late Hellenistic/Hellenistic II | Cyprus | -150 | -30 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Cypriot I-II | Cyprus | -1950 | -1750 | |
| Iron Age | Cypro-Archaic I | Cyprus | -800 | -600 | |
| Hellenistic | Late Hellenistic | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -130 | -37 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IB | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -1100 | -1000 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Ottoman | Israel-Palestinian Authority | 1516 | 1917 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Late Roman | Cyprus | 330 | 647 | |
| Early Islamic/Early Medieval | Early Islamic | Egypt | 641 | 1250 | |
| Chalcolithic | Late Chalcolithic | Cyprus | -2700 | -2400 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Cypriot III | Cyprus | -1750 | -1550 | |
| Iron Age | Cypro-Geometric III | Cyprus | -900 | -800 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age II-III | Turkey | -850 | -547 | |
| Iron Age | Archaic | Turkey | -750 | -500 | |
| Hellenistic | Hellenistic I | Cyprus | -310 | -150 | |
| Intermediate Bronze Age | First Intermediate Period | Egypt | -2181 | -2040 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age IV | Jordan | -2200 | -2000 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age I | Jordan | -2000 | -1800 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age II | Jordan | -1800 | -1650 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age III | Jordan | -1650 | -1500 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age I | Jordan | -1500 | -1400 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Cypriot III | Cyprus | -1200 | -1050 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Cypriot I-II | Cyprus | -2200 | -2100 | |
| Frankish/Ayyubid | Crusader/Frankish | Turkey | 1097 | 1261 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Cypriot | Cyprus | -2200 | -1950 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Cypriot IIC | Cyprus | -1300 | -1200 | |
| Persian/Classical | Classical | Greece | -480 | -332 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze I | Turkey | -3000 | -2700 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age I | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -1200 | -1000 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age I | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -3500 | -3000 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age II | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -3000 | -2700 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age III | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -2700 | -2500 | |
| Iron Age | Neo-Babylonian Period | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -586 | -539 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IIB | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -900 | -700 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IIC | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -700 | -586 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Byzantine | Israel-Palestinian Authority | 324 | 638 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age III | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -1650 | -1500 | |
| Neolithic | Pottery Neolithic A | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -6000 | -5000 | |
| Early Bronze Age | 5th Dynasty | Egypt | -2500 | -2400 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | 12th Dynasty/Middle Kingdom | Egypt | -1939 | -1760 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age II | Lebanon | -1800 | -1650 | |
| Frankish/Ayyubid | Crusader-Frankish/Ayyubid/early Mamluk | Israel | 1099 | 1291 | |
| Neolithic | Pottery Neolithic B | Israel | -5000 | -4500 | |
| Hellenistic | Hasmonean | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -140 | -63 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age | Arabia | -3100 | -1600 | |
| Roman | Herodian | Israel | -37 | 70 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Byzantine | Lebanon | 324 | 638 | |
| Neolithic | Pottery Neolithic B | Syria | -5000 | -4500 | |
| Neolithic | Pottery Neolithic A | Lebanon | -6000 | -5000 | |
| Hellenistic | Early Hellenistic | Jordan | -332 | -167 | |
| Frankish/Ayyubid | Frankish/Ayyubid | Jordan | 1099 | 1291 | |
| Frankish/Ayyubid | Frankish/Ayyubid | Lebanon | 1099 | 1291 | |
| Roman | Herodian | Jordan | -37 | 70 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Ottoman | Jordan | 1516 | 1917 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Ottoman | Lebanon | 1516 | 1917 | |
| Hellenistic | Late Hellenistic | Jordan | -167 | -63 | |
| Iron Age | Cypro-Archaic | Cyprus | -800 | -480 | |
| Roman | Late Roman | Lebanon | 250 | 324 | |
| Roman | Middle Roman | Lebanon | 138 | 250 | |
| Iron Age | Neo-Babylonian Period | Lebanon | -586 | -539 | |
| Iron Age | Cypro-Geometric | Cyprus | -1050 | -800 | |
| Neolithic | Pottery Neolithic | Syria | -6000 | -4500 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Syria | -1200 | -586 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age III | Lebanon | -1650 | -1500 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age I | Lebanon | -1500 | -1400 | |
| Roman | Middle Roman | Israel | 132 | 250 | |
| Hellenistic | Early Hellenistic | Israel | -332 | -225 | |
| Roman | Roman | Israel | -37 | 324 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age I | Israel | -2000 | -1800 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IIA | Israel | -1000 | -900 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age I | Israel | -1500 | -1400 | |
| Hellenistic | Late Hellenistic | Israel | -130 | -37 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age II | Jordan | -1400 | -1300 | |
| Roman | Roman | Lebanon | -63 | 324 | |
| Chalcolithic | Chalcolithic | Lebanon | -4500 | -3500 | |
| Chalcolithic | Chalcolithic | Syria | -4500 | -3500 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IIA | Jordan | -1000 | -900 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IIA | Lebanon | -1000 | -900 | |
| Iron Age | Neo-Babylonian Period | Jordan | -586 | -539 | |
| Frankish/Ayyubid | Crusader/Frankish | Cyprus | 1191 | 1489 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age II | Syria | -1400 | -1300 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age I | Syria | -3500 | -3000 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age II | Syria | -3000 | -2700 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age I | Syria | -2000 | -1800 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age II | Syria | -1800 | -1650 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Cypriot II | Cyprus | -1450 | -1200 | |
| Hellenistic | Early Hellenistic | Lebanon | -332 | -225 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age III | Syria | -1650 | -1500 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IIC | Syria | -700 | -586 | |
| Iron Age | Early Archaic | Turkey | -750 | -650 | |
| Hellenistic | Late Hellenistic | Lebanon | -130 | -63 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze II | Turkey | -2700 | -2450 | |
| Early Islamic/Early Medieval | Early Islamic - Umayyad/Abbasid | Lebanon | 638 | 1099 | |
| Hellenistic | Early Hellenistic | Cyprus | -310 | -225 | |
| Hellenistic | Middle Hellenistic | Cyprus | -225 | -150 | |
| Hellenistic | Hellenistic | Greece | -332 | -31 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age I | Jordan | -1200 | -1000 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age I | Jordan | -3500 | -3000 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age II | Jordan | -3000 | -2700 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age III | Jordan | -2700 | -2200 | |
| Frankish/Ayyubid | Middle Islamic | Turkey | 1100 | 1300 | |
| Chalcolithic | Chalcolithic | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -4500 | -3500 | |
| Early Islamic/Early Medieval | Early Islamic - Umayyad/Abbasid/Fatimid | Israel-Palestinian Authority | 638 | 1099 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age II | Lebanon | -1400 | -1175 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age I | Lebanon | -1175 | -1000 | |
| Persian/Classical | Iron Age III/Achaemenid Persian | Lebanon | -539 | -332 | |
| Roman | Early Roman | Egypt | -30 | 135 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -2000 | -1500 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IIB | Jordan | -900 | -700 | |
| Intermediate Bronze Age | Intermediate Bronze Age | Lebanon | -2200 | -2000 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age I | Lebanon | -3500 | -3000 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age II | Lebanon | -3000 | -2700 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age III | Lebanon | -2700 | -2200 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age IV | Lebanon | -2200 | -2000 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age I | Lebanon | -2000 | -1800 | |
| Hellenistic | Middle Hellenistic | Syria | -225 | -150 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IIC | Lebanon | -700 | -539 | |
| Roman | Late Hellenistic-Early Roman | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -100 | 100 | |
| Iron Age | Neo-Babylonian Period | Syria | -586 | -539 | |
| Persian/Classical | Achaemenid Persian | Jordan | -539 | -332 | |
| Persian/Classical | Achaemenid Persian | Syria | -539 | -332 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Byzantine | Syria | 324 | 638 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Byzantine | Turkey | 324 | 1453 | |
| Neolithic | Pottery Neolithic | Cyprus | -4600 | -4000 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Byzantine | Jordan | 324 | 641 | |
| Roman | Middle Roman | Jordan | 106 | 250 | |
| Hellenistic | Hasmonean | Jordan | -140 | -63 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze III | Turkey | -2450 | -1900 | |
| Hellenistic | Hasmonean | Israel | -140 | -63 | |
| Roman | Nabatean/Early Roman | Jordan | -63 | 106 | |
| Roman | Middle-Late Roman | Jordan | 106 | 324 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age | Arabia | -4200 | -3100 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IIC/Persian | Jordan | -700 | -330 | |
| Neolithic | Pottery Neolithic A | Jordan | -6000 | -5000 | |
| Neolithic | Pottery Neolithic A | Syria | -6000 | -5000 | |
| Hellenistic | Early Hellenistic | Syria | -332 | -200 | |
| Hellenistic | Early Hellenistic | Turkey | -333 | -235 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Fatimid/Ayyubid | Egypt | 969 | 1250 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age II | Turkey | -850 | -700 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age III | Turkey | -700 | -547 | |
| Roman | Early Roman | Lebanon | -63 | 138 | |
| Roman | Early Roman | Syria | -63 | 138 | |
| Early Islamic/Early Medieval | Early Islamic - Umayyad/Abbasid/Tulunid | Egypt | 656 | 969 | |
| Persian/Classical | Late Archaic | Turkey | -550 | -500 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age I | Turkey | -1200 | -850 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age II | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -1800 | -1650 | |
| Iron Age | Middle Archaic | Turkey | -650 | -550 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Ottoman | Turkey | 1453 | 1922 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Ottoman | Syria | 1516 | 1917 | |
| Early Islamic/Early Medieval | Early Islamic - Umayyad/Abbasid | Syria | 638 | 1099 | |
| Roman | Early Roman | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -37 | 132 | |
| Roman | Late Roman | Israel-Palestinian Authority | 250 | 324 | |
| Roman | Late Roman | Syria | 250 | 324 | |
| Roman | Late Roman | Turkey | 250 | 324 | |
| Neolithic | Pottery Neolithic | Turkey | -6900 | -6400 | |
| Chalcolithic | Chalcolithic | Jordan | -4500 | -3500 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IB | Israel | -1100 | -1000 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Ottoman | Israel | 1516 | 1917 | |
| Early Bronze Age | 1st Dynasty | Egypt | -2900 | -2730 | |
| Roman | Middle Roman | Syria | 138 | 250 | |
| Chalcolithic | Chalcolithic | Turkey | -6400 | -3300 | |
| Intermediate Bronze Age | Intermediate Bronze Age | Jordan | -2200 | -2000 | |
| Intermediate Bronze Age | Intermediate Bronze Age | Syria | -2200 | -2000 | |
| Iron Age | Third Intermediate Period/Saite | Egypt | -1069 | -525 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age | Turkey | -2000 | -1550 | |
| Roman | Middle Roman | Turkey | 138 | 250 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age | Syria | -3500 | -2000 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age | Turkey | -1550 | -1200 | |
| Early Bronze Age | 3rd Dynasty | Egypt | -2592 | -2544 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Later Islamic - Fatimid/Mamluk | Jordan | 1291 | 1516 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Later Islamic - Fatimid/Mamluk | Lebanon | 1291 | 1516 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Later Islamic - Fatimid/Mamluk | Syria | 1291 | 1516 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age I | Israel | -1200 | -1000 | |
| Hellenistic | Late Hellenistic | Syria | -150 | -63 | |
| Roman | Late Hellenistic/Early Roman I | Turkey | -160 | -31 | |
| Hellenistic | Middle Hellenistic | Turkey | -235 | -160 | |
| Hellenistic | Hellenistic/Ptolemaic | Egypt | -332 | -31 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IIB | Lebanon | -900 | -700 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age | Lebanon | -2000 | -1500 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age I | Israel | -3500 | -3000 | |
| Frankish/Ayyubid | Early Medieval/Middle Islamic | Syria | 1000 | 1300 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age II | Israel | -3000 | -2700 | |
| Intermediate Bronze Age | Intermediate Bronze Age (Early Bronze Age IV) | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -2500 | -2000 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Middle-Late Islamic/Mamluk | Israel-Palestinian Authority | 1250 | 1516 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age III | Syria | -2700 | -2200 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age IV | Syria | -2200 | -2000 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age I | Syria | -1200 | -1000 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IIA | Syria | -1000 | -900 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IIB | Syria | -900 | -700 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age III | Israel | -2700 | -2500 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age I | Syria | -1500 | -1400 | |
| Iron Age | Neo-Babylonian Period | Israel | -586 | -539 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IIB | Israel | -900 | -700 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IIC | Israel | -700 | -586 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Byzantine | Israel | 324 | 638 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age III | Israel | -1650 | -1500 | |
| Neolithic | Pottery Neolithic A | Israel | -6000 | -5000 | |
| Chalcolithic | Chalcolithic | Israel | -4500 | -3500 | |
| Early Islamic/Early Medieval | Early Islamic - Umayyad/Abbasid/Fatimid | Israel | 638 | 1099 | |
| Roman | Mid-Republic | Italy | -349 | -200 | |
| Roman | Early Roman II | Turkey | -31 | 138 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age | Israel | -2000 | -1500 | |
| Roman | Late Hellenistic-Early Roman | Israel | -100 | 100 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age II | Israel | -1800 | -1650 | |
| Roman | Early Roman | Israel | -37 | 132 | |
| Roman | Late Roman | Israel | 250 | 324 | |
| Intermediate Bronze Age | Intermediate Bronze Age (Early Bronze Age IV) | Israel | -2500 | -2000 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age | Syria | -1500 | -1200 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Middle-Late Islamic/Mamluk | Israel | 1250 | 1516 | |
| Roman | Roman | Syria | -63 | 324 | |
| Hellenistic | Hellenistic | Lebanon | -332 | -63 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Mamluk | Egypt | 1250 | 1517 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age III | Israel | -1300 | -1200 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age III | Lebanon | -1300 | -1200 | |
| Persian/Classical | Classical | Turkey | -500 | -333 | |
| Frankish/Ayyubid | Medieval | Cyprus | 1191 | 1571 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Late Mamluk-Early Ottoman | Israel-Palestinian Authority | 1300 | 1700 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Late Mamluk-Early Ottoman | Israel | 1300 | 1700 | |
| Roman | Late Roman | Tunisia | 284 | 534 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Arabia | -1200 | -600 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Cypriot | Cyprus | -1550 | -1050 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age II | Israel | -1400 | -1300 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age III | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -1300 | -1200 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age II | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -1400 | -1300 | |
| Persian/Classical | Achaemenid Persian | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -539 | -332 | |
| Chalcolithic | Naqada IIIC1 | Egypt | -3150 | -3100 | |
| Early Bronze Age | 2nd Dynasty | Egypt | -2730 | -2590 | |
| Early Bronze Age | 6th Dynasty | Egypt | -2305 | -2118 | |
| Persian/Classical | Achaemenid Persian | Israel | -539 | -332 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age II | Israel | -1000 | -700 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age | Israel | -3500 | -2500 | |
| Hellenistic | Middle Hellenistic | Israel | -225 | -130 | |
| Hellenistic | Hellenistic | Israel | -332 | -37 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Israel | -1200 | -586 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IA | Israel | -1200 | -1100 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age | Israel | -1500 | -1200 | |
| Neolithic | Pottery Neolithic | Israel | -6000 | -4500 | |
| Hellenistic | Hellenistic | Syria | -332 | -63 | |
| Hellenistic | Hellenistic | Jordan | -332 | -63 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Ottoman | Egypt | 1517 | 1914 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age III | Jordan | -1300 | -1200 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age III | Syria | -1300 | -1200 | |
| Iron Age | Geometric | Turkey | -900 | -750 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age III | Turkey | -1300 | -1200 | |
| Hellenistic | Early Hellenistic/Ptolemaic | Egypt | -332 | -200 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age II | Turkey | -1400 | -1300 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age I | Turkey | -1550 | -1400 | |
| Chalcolithic | Naqada IIIA2 | Egypt | -3350 | -3150 | |
| Intermediate Bronze Age | 11th Dynasty | Egypt | -2080 | -1940 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Naqada IV | Egypt | -2730 | -2550 | |
| Neolithic | Pottery Neolithic B | Lebanon | -5000 | -4500 | |
| Hellenistic | Late Hellenistic/Ptolemaic | Egypt | -200 | -30 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Early modern (British Protectorate/British Cyprus) | Cyprus | 1878 | 1960 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age II | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -1000 | -700 | |
| Chalcolithic | Naqada IIIC2 | Egypt | -3000 | -2920 | |
| Roman | Middle Roman | Cyprus | 150 | 330 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Cypriot IIIA | Cyprus | -1200 | -1100 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Cypriot IIIB | Cyprus | -1100 | -1050 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Byzantine | Egypt | 330 | 641 | |
| Hellenistic | Middle Hellenistic | Lebanon | -225 | -130 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Early Medieval | Turkey | 1100 | 1453 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Cypriot I | Cyprus | -1550 | -1450 | |
| Early Islamic/Early Medieval | Early Islamic | Turkey | 800 | 1100 | |
| Persian/Classical | Achaemenid Persian | Turkey | -547 | -333 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -3500 | -2500 | |
| Roman | Roman | Turkey | -133 | 324 | |
| Hellenistic | Hellenistic | Cyprus | -330 | -31 | |
| Persian/Classical | Cypro-Classical | Cyprus | -480 | -310 | |
| Roman | Early Roman | Cyprus | -30 | 150 | |
| Hellenistic | Hellenistic | Turkey | -333 | -133 | |
| Hellenistic | Middle Hellenistic | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -225 | -130 | |
| Hellenistic | Hellenistic | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -332 | -37 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -1200 | -586 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age IA | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -1200 | -1100 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -1500 | -1200 | |
| Neolithic | Pottery Neolithic | Israel-Palestinian Authority | -6000 | -4500 | |
| Chalcolithic | Naqada IIID | Egypt | -2920 | -2730 | |
| Early Islamic/Early Medieval | Early Islamic - Umayyad/Abbasid | Jordan | 641 | 1099 | |
| Roman | Roman | Egypt | 30 | 330 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Late Roman | Jordan | 250 | 324 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Early Byzantine | Jordan | 324 | 491 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Late Byzantine | Jordan | 491 | 641 | |
| Roman | |||||
| Early Modern/Modern | British Mandate | Israel-Palestinian Authority | 1918 | 1948 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | |||||
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Later Ottoman | Israel-Palestinian Authority | 1700 | 1917 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Middle Ottoman | Israel | 1600 | 1800 | |
| Later Islamic/Ottoman | Middle Ottoman | Israel-Palestinian Authority | 1600 | 1800 | |
| Hellenistic | Late Republic | Italy | -200 | -31 | |
| Roman | Early Imperial | Italy | -31 | 96 | |
| Early Modern/Modern | Late Ottoman | Turkey | 1800 | 1923 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age | Albania | -2100 | -1800 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age | Albania | -1800 | -1500 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age | Albania | -1500 | -1100 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Albania | -1100 | -336 | |
| Iron Age | Early Iron Age | Albania | -1100 | -800 | |
| Iron Age | Late Iron Age | Albania | -800 | -600 | |
| Persian/Classical | Archaic/Protourban Illyrian | Albania | -600 | -480 | |
| Persian/Classical | Classic/Urban Illyrian | Albania | -480 | -336 | |
| Hellenistic | Hellenistic | Albania | -336 | -168 | |
| Roman | Roman | Albania | -168 | 565 | |
| Roman | Roman Republican | Albania | -168 | -1 | |
| Roman | Early Roman Imperial | Albania | -1 | 100 | |
| Roman | Mid Roman Imperial | Albania | 100 | 300 | |
| Roman | Late Roman Imperial | Albania | 300 | 565 | |
| Early Islamic/Early Medieval | Early Medieval | Albania | 565 | 1000 | |
| Roman | Numidian | Algeria | -202 | -46 | |
| Roman | Roman | Algeria | -146 | 590 | |
| Early Islamic/Early Medieval | Early Islamic | Algeria | 647 | 744 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Austria | -800 | -15 | |
| Iron Age | Hallstatt Culture | Austria | -800 | -450 | |
| Iron Age | La Tene Culture | Austria | -450 | -15 | |
| Roman | Roman | Austria | -15 | 476 | |
| Early Medieval | Early Medieval | Austria | 476 | 800 | |
| Early Medieval | Carolingian | Austria | 800 | 900 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age | Bulgaria | -3200 | -1901 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age | Bulgaria | -1900 | -1601 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age | Bulgaria | -1600 | -1101 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Bulgaria | -1100 | 14 | |
| Iron Age | Early Iron Age | Bulgaria | -1100 | -501 | |
| Iron Age | Late Iron Age | Bulgaria | -500 | 14 | |
| Iron Age | Classical | Bulgaria | -500 | -323 | |
| Hellenistic | Hellenistic | Bulgaria | -323 | 15 | |
| Roman | Roman | Bulgaria | 15 | 283 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Late Roman | Bulgaria | 284 | 394 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Late Antiquity | Bulgaria | 395 | 609 | |
| Early Medieval | Early Medieval | Bulgaria | 610 | 1017 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age | Crimea | -3000 | -2000 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age | Crimea | -2000 | -1600 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age | Crimea | -1600 | -1200 | |
| Persian/Classical | Iron Age | Crimea | -1200 | -600 | |
| Persian/Classical | Classical | Crimea | -600 | -100 | |
| Roman | Roman | Crimea | -100 | 400 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Late Roman/Byzantine | Crimea | 400 | 600 | |
| Early Islamic/Early Medieval | Early Islamic/Early Medieval | Crimea | 600 | 900 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age | Croatia | -2300 | -1600 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age | Croatia | -1600 | -1200 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age | Croatia | -1200 | -800 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Croatia | -800 | 0 | |
| Roman | Roman | Croatia | 0 | 400 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Late Roman/Byzantine | Croatia | 400 | 700 | |
| Middle Ages | Early Medieval | Croatia | 700 | 1000 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age | England | -2600 | -1600 | |
| Chalcolithic | Chalcolithic | England | -2500 | -2200 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age | England | -1600 | -1200 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age | England | -1200 | -700 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | England | -800 | 43 | |
| Iron Age | Early Iron Age | England | -800 | -300 | |
| Iron Age | Middle Iron Age | England | -300 | -100 | |
| Iron Age | Late Iron Age | England | -100 | 43 | |
| Roman | Roman | England | 43 | 410 | |
| Middle Ages | Early Medieval | England | 410 | 1066 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Ethiopia | -3500 | -600 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Ethiopia | -500 | 700 | |
| Middle Ages | Classical Middle Ages | Ethiopia | 700 | 1700 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age | France | -2000 | -1601 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age | France | -1600 | -1401 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age | France | -1400 | -801 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | France | -800 | -51 | |
| Iron Age | Early Iron Age | France | -800 | -451 | |
| Iron Age | La Tene | France | -450 | -51 | |
| Roman | Roman | France | -50 | 499 | |
| Roman | Roman Republican | France | -50 | -28 | |
| Roman | Early Imperial | France | -50 | 299 | |
| Roman | Late Roman | France | 300 | 499 | |
| Middle Ages | Middle Ages | France | 500 | 1491 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Georgia | -2000 | -1200 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Georgia | -1200 | -600 | |
| Persian/Classical | Classical | Georgia | -600 | -323 | |
| Hellenistic | Hellenistic | Georgia | -323 | -65 | |
| Roman | Roman | Georgia | -65 | 650 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Byzantine | Georgia | 650 | 1208 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Germany | -2000 | -800 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Germany | -800 | 1 | |
| Iron Age | Hallstatt Culture | Germany | -800 | -400 | |
| Iron Age | La Tene | Germany | -400 | 1 | |
| Roman | Roman | Germany | 1 | 476 | |
| Middle Ages | Early Middle Ages | Germany | 476 | 800 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Ireland | -2500 | -500 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Ireland | -500 | 400 | |
| Middle Ages | Early Christian Period | Ireland | 400 | 800 | |
| Middle Ages | Viking Era | Ireland | 800 | 1169 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Italy | -2299 | -1001 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Italy | -999 | -751 | |
| Iron Age | Orientalizing Period | Italy | -749 | -581 | |
| Iron Age | Archaic Period | Italy | -579 | -481 | |
| Persian/Classical | Classical | Italy | -479 | -351 | |
| Neolithic | Neolithic | Crete | 6000 | 3000 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Late Antique | Italy | 401 | 599 | |
| Middle Ages | Medieval | Italy | 601 | 1499 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Libya | -3000 | -1200 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Libya | -1200 | -500 | |
| Persian/Classical | Classical Period | Libya | -600 | -330 | |
| Hellenistic | Hellenistic | Libya | -330 | -146 | |
| Roman | Roman | Libya | -146 | 476 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Late Roman/Byzantine | Libya | 476 | 642 | |
| Early Islamic/Early Medieval | Early Islamic | Libya | 642 | 800 | |
| Roman | Roman Imperial | Italy | -31 | 399 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Netherlands | -2000 | -700 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Netherlands | -700 | -57 | |
| Roman | Roman | Netherlands | -57 | 476 | |
| Middle Ages | Early Middle Ages | Netherlands | 476 | 900 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Portugal | -2000 | -800 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Portugal | -800 | -218 | |
| Roman | Roman | Portugal | -218 | 409 | |
| Early Medieval | Suebi Kingdom | Portugal | 409 | 711 | |
| Early Islamic/Early Medieval | Early Islamic | Portugal | 711 | 1249 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age | Romania | -3500 | -1900 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age | Romania | -1900 | -1600 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age | Romania | -1600 | -1000 | |
| Iron Age | Early Iron Age | Romania | -1000 | -500 | |
| Iron Age | Late Iron Age | Romania | -500 | -1 | |
| Roman | Roman | Romania | -1 | 300 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Late Roman | Romania | 400 | 700 | |
| Middle Ages | Early Medieval | Romania | 746 | 1000 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Russia | -2500 | -700 | |
| Iron Age | Early Iron Age | Russia | -700 | 500 | |
| Iron Age | Early Slavic | Russia | 500 | 700 | |
| Middle Ages | Kievan Rus Period | Russia | 862 | 1240 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Scotland | -2200 | -800 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age | Scotland | -2200 | -1500 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age | Scotland | -1500 | -1100 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age | Scotland | -1100 | -800 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Scotland | -800 | 500 | |
| Iron Age | Early Iron Age | Scotland | -800 | -300 | |
| Iron Age | Middle Iron Age | Scotland | -300 | 300 | |
| Iron Age | Late Iron Age | Scotland | 300 | 500 | |
| Middle Ages | Pictish | Scotland | 300 | 850 | |
| Middle Ages | Early Medieval | Scotland | 400 | 1100 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Slovenia | -1750 | -751 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age | Slovenia | -1500 | -1251 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age | Slovenia | -1251 | -1001 | |
| Bronze Age | Urnfield Period | Slovenia | -1000 | -751 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Slovenia | -750 | -31 | |
| Iron Age | Early Iron Age | Slovenia | -750 | -301 | |
| Iron Age | Late Iron Age | Slovenia | -300 | -31 | |
| Roman | Roman | Slovenia | -30 | 599 | |
| Roman | Early Roman | Slovenia | -30 | 299 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Late Antique | Slovenia | 300 | 599 | |
| Middle Ages | Medieval | Slovenia | 600 | 1499 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Spain | -2299 | -1000 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Spain | -999 | 0 | |
| Roman | Roman Imperial | Spain | 1 | 400 | |
| Middle Ages | Late Antique | Spain | 401 | 600 | |
| Middle Ages | Medieval | Spain | 601 | 1479 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Sudan | -3000 | -1500 | |
| Iron Age | Kingdom of Kush | Sudan | -1070 | 350 | |
| Middle Ages | Middle Ages | Sudan | 500 | 1500 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Tunisia | -2000 | -1200 | |
| Iron Age | Punic Era | Tunisia | -1100 | -146 | |
| Roman | Roman | Tunisia | -146 | 284 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Vandal Kingdom | Tunisia | 429 | 534 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Byzantine | Tunisia | 534 | 647 | |
| Early Islamic/Early Medieval | Early Islamic | Tunisia | 647 | 1051 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age | Ukraine | -3200 | -2300 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age | Ukraine | -2300 | -1800 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age | Ukraine | -1800 | -1000 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Ukraine | -1000 | 450 | |
| Iron Age | Cimmerian Period | Ukraine | -900 | -700 | |
| Iron Age | Scythian Period | Ukraine | -750 | -250 | |
| Hellenistic | Hellenistic | Ukraine | -330 | -50 | |
| Roman | Roman | Ukraine | -50 | 280 | |
| Roman | Early Roman | Ukraine | -50 | 175 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Late Roman | Ukraine | 175 | 450 | |
| Middle Ages | Early Medieval | Ukraine | 450 | 880 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Wales | -2300 | -800 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Wales | -800 | 75 | |
| Roman | Roman | Wales | 75 | 383 | |
| Middle Ages | Early Middle Ages | Wales | 411 | 1066 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Yemen | -3000 | -1200 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Yemen | -1200 | -332 | |
| Iron Age | Kingdom of Himyar | Yemen | -115 | 525 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Sasanian | Yemen | 570 | 628 | |
| Middle Ages | Early Middle Ages | Yemen | 700 | 1200 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age | Turkey | -3000 | -1900 | |
| Iron Age | Archaic | Greece | -800 | -480 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Late Roman/Byzantine | Greece | 330 | 1453 | |
| Roman | Roman | Greece | -146 | 330 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Hungary | -2000 | -800 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Hungary | -800 | 1 | |
| Roman | Roman | Hungary | 1 | 500 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Late Roman | Hungary | 500 | 900 | |
| Bronze Age | Bronze Age | Switzerland | -2200 | -800 | |
| Iron Age | Iron Age | Switzerland | -800 | -15 | |
| Roman | Roman | Switzerland | -15 | 400 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Late Roman | Switzerland | 400 | 900 | |
| Early Medieval | Early Medieval | Switzerland | 800 | 1000 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Helladic | Greece | -3200 | -2000 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Helladic | Greece | -2000 | -1700 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age | North Macedonia | -3300 | -2100 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Bronze Age | North Macedonia | -2100 | -1700 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age | North Macedonia | -1700 | -1100 | |
| Iron Age | Early Iron Age | North Macedonia | -1100 | -700 | |
| Iron Age | Archaic | North Macedonia | -700 | -500 | |
| Persian/Classical | Classical | North Macedonia | -500 | -336 | |
| Hellenistic | Hellenistic | North Macedonia | -336 | -168 | |
| Late Roman/Byzantine | Byzantine | North Macedonia | 395 | 700 | |
| Early Medieval | Early Medieval | North Macedonia | 700 | 1000 | |
| Frankish/Ayyubid | Middle Islamic | Jordan | 1099 | 1291 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Helladic | Greece | -1700 | -1050 | |
| Bronze Age | Early Cypriot II-III | Cyprus | -2100 | -1950 | |
| Bronze Age | Early Bronze Age IIIa | Turkey | -2450 | -2200 | |
| Roman | Roman | North Macedonia | -169 | 395 | |
| Bronze Age | Early Bronze IIIb | Turkey | -2200 | -1900 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Bronze Age | Arabia | -1600 | -1200 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Minoan IA | Crete | 2000 | 1900 | |
| Early Bronze Age | Early Minoan | Crete | 3000 | 2000 | |
| Late Bronze Age | Late Minoan | Crete | 1600 | 1100 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Minoan | Crete | 2000 | 1700 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Minoan IB-IIB | Crete | 1900 | 1700 | |
| Middle Bronze Age | Middle Minoan IIIA-IIIB | Crete | 1700 | 1600 |
